Reading
Topic 1——英国《航海条例》
只有英国或其殖民地所拥有、制造的船只可以运装英国殖民地的货物
政府指定某些殖民地产品只准许贩运到英国本土或其他英国殖民地，包括如烟草、糖、棉花等
限制殖民地生产与英国本土竞争的产品，如纺织品等
拓展阅读：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation_Acts

Topic 2——青蛙求偶的叫声
成熟的雄性青蛙叫声大，年轻的雄性青蛙叫声小；相较之下前者更容易吸引配偶，因为叫声大证明体力充沛，生存能力强
温度会影响青蛙的叫声，年轻的雄性青蛙会在低温处模仿成熟雄性青蛙的叫声以吸引配偶
雌性青蛙可以分辨不同种类的叫声；择其强者而栖之，以保证后代的质量
花哨的叫声更易吸引异性，但也会招致捕食者
拓展阅读：TPO 11 Begging by Nestlings

Topic 3——Navajo的沙画艺术
沙画用于大型仪式，表演者根据沙画记忆表演内容，仪式完成以后销毁
Navajo地区的原始环境欠佳，人们通过沙画承载的英雄故事表达对自然和谐的向往
一位当地女性由沙画启发，开创了一种不断更新图样的纺织品
拓展阅读：http://www.discovernavajo.com/

Listening
Section 1
Conversation：一个学生在休假后去某地学习当地文化
Lecture 1：蓝色颜料的发展
价格昂贵的原因：制作工艺繁琐，产量稀少
某画家使用蓝色颜料作画
替代品：效果差，褪色快
法国政府悬赏人工合成蓝色颜料
Lecture 2：冰川形成的理论
全球气候变化
温室效应
地球公转角度相关

Section 2
Conversation：一个学生商量暑期实习的专业和研究内容
Lecture 1：蝙蝠的进化
一种蝙蝠有食指，不会飞但会爬树；现在的蝙蝠五指均有类似结构
另一种蝙蝠可能变成一种中间物种，举例对比进化过程
Lecture 2：Marketing Target
定义产品，举例table
两种定义方式：uniform与非uniform，前者依据function，后者通过paraphrase；举例education

考试解析：
对话部分结构相对固定：提出问题—分析问题—解决问题
讲座部分考查艺术类话题的趋势是艺术史与跨学科知识的结合，生物类除了经典加试大王花以外大多考查动物话题，社科类注意考古学和心理学的备考，话题比较抽象；总而言之，讲座部分注意总分结构

Speaking
Task 1
Talk about a subject you do not enjoy studying.
思路示例一：
History
a torture to bear in mind astronomical details and facts
an abstract thinking style
思路示例二：
Mathematics
a plethora of formulas unable to apprehend and exercise
a narrow sphere to apply relevant knowledge

Task 2
Do you agree or disagree with the statement that it’s a waste of time for students to take courses outside their major field.

思路示例一：
Agree
Major field study is both time- and energy-consuming.
Study shall take up only part of life.

思路示例二：
Disagree
Courses outside specific field may provide diverse aspects of information.
Inter-disciplinary study is an irreversible trend, so taking extra courses may become a necessity.

Task 3
Announcement: school is planning to offer first year students Biology class
Reason 1: gain learning skills
Reason 2: make friends with seniors
Disagree
Reason 1: Freshmen have already learnt how to study independently and acquired the skills
Reason 2: Biology class is no necessity for senior students.

Task 4
Term: Halo Error
Definition: People tend to show their best aspect when they first met, which will positively affect people’s judgment.
Example: James, a talent of math and physics but a messy person in real life

Task 5
Problem: The man was asked to substitute for the actor Russell
Solution 1: take this role (+keep the play –do a good job)
Solution 2: get Russell back (+a great actor –a person hard to get along with)

Task 6
Topic: two benefits of animals staying in large groups
to keep warm
e.g. penguin: stay warm and keep babies safe
for protection
e,g, keep an eye for predators

Writing
Integrated Task
Topic: 孕妇需要叶酸，有措施建议加入面包中
Reading
加入面包中的摄入量依旧不够
对老年人有副作用
加入药物直接针对孕妇更合适
Listening
数据来源有问题，应采用孕妇而非妇女的样本
适量的添加对老年人无副作用
叶酸必须在怀孕前期服用，此时不知情的孕妇不会服用营养药剂

Independent Task
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only movies that can teach us something about real life is worth watching. Use specific details and examples to support your answer.
思路示例：
Disagree
让步段：Movies targeted at education are more inspiring since they assume simultaneously two missions: one is to entertain and the other to instruct.
支持段：Comedies as well as tragedies, widespread yet not necessarily realistic, can bring the majority relaxation.
支持段：Regarded as best company for the very young, cartoons are known for their sincerity while solemnity may do harm to their nature for recreation.